2,467 research outputs found
Families as Care-Providers versus Care-Managers? Gender and Type of Care in a Sample of Employed Canadians
This article extends previous research by examining care management as a distinct type of informal care. Using data drawn from a large Canadian study of work and family, the research is based on a study of a sub-sample of women (1068) and men (805) who were employed full-time and who had provided help to an elderly relative during the six month period preceding the interview. Results indicate that managerial care is a meaningful construct that denotes a distinct type of care. Most commonly, individuals combine managerial care with other types of assistance. Managerial care is a very common activity among caregivers and usually involves aspects of care other than arranging for formal services. Managerial care has an adverse impact on job costs and personal costs, and, among women, is associated with greater stress.elderly; caregiving
Families as Care-Providers versus Care-Managers? Gender and Type of Care in a Sample of Employed Canadians
This article extends previous research by examining care management as a distinct type of informal care. Using data drawn from a large Canadian study of work and family, the research is based on a study of a sub-sample of women (1068) and men (805) who were employed full-time and who had provided help to an elderly relative during the six month period preceding the interview. Results indicate that managerial care is a meaningful construct that denotes a distinct type of care. Most commonly, individuals combine managerial care with other types of assistance. Managerial care is a very common activity among caregivers and usually involves aspects of care other than arranging for formal services. Managerial care has an adverse impact on job costs and personal costs, and, among women, is associated with greater stress.elderly; caregiving
The Fermi Bubbles. I. Possible Evidence for Recent AGN Jet Activity in the Galaxy
The Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope reveals two large gamma-ray bubbles in
the Galaxy, which extend about 50 degrees (~ 10 kpc) above and below the
Galactic center (GC) and are symmetric about the Galactic plane. Using
axisymmetric hydrodynamic simulations with a self-consistent treatment of the
dynamical cosmic ray (CR) - gas interaction, we show that the bubbles can be
created with a recent active galactic nucleus (AGN) jet activity about 1 - 3
Myr ago, which was active for a duration of ~ 0.1 - 0.5 Myr. The bipolar jets
were ejected into the Galactic halo along the rotation axis of the Galaxy. Near
the GC, the jets must be moderately light with a typical density contrast 0.001
<~ \eta <~ 0.1 relative to the ambient hot gas. The jets are energetically
dominated by kinetic energy, and over-pressured with either CR or thermal
pressure which induces lateral jet expansion, creating fat CR bubbles as
observed. The sharp edges of the bubbles imply that CR diffusion across the
bubble surface is strongly suppressed. The jet activity induces a strong shock,
which heats and compresses the ambient gas in the Galactic halo, potentially
explaining the ROSAT X-ray shell features surrounding the bubbles. The Fermi
bubbles provide plausible evidence for a recent powerful AGN jet activity in
our Galaxy, shedding new insights into the origin of the halo CR population and
the channel through which massive black holes in disk galaxies release feedback
energy during their growth.Comment: Revised version, accepted for publication in ApJ. 17 pages, 11
figure
Galactic exploration by directed Self-Replicating Probes, and its implications for the Fermi paradox
This paper proposes a long term scheme for robotic exploration of the
galaxy,and then considers the implications in terms of the `Fermi paradox' and
our search for ETI. We discuss the parameter space of the `galactic ecology' of
civilizations in terms of the parameters T (time between ET civilizations
arising) and L, the lifetime of these civilizations. Six different regions are
described.Comment: 1 figur
Signals of Unparticles in Low Energy Parity Violation and NuTeV Experiment
We have studied the possible signals of unparticle in atomic parity
violation(APV) along an isotope chain and in the NuTeV experiment. The effects
of unparticle physics could be observed in APV, if the uncertainty in relative
neutron/proton radius shift is less than a few
times by measuring the parity violating electron scattering. The
constraints imposed by NuTeV experiment on unparticle physics are discussed in
detail. If the NuTeV results are confirmed by future experiments, we suggest
that unparticle could account for a part of NuTeV anomaly. There exist certain
regions for the unparticle parameters (, ,
and ), where the NuTeV discrepancy could be
completely explained by unparticle effects and the strange quark asymmetry,
even with or without the contributions from the isoscalarity violation etc. It
is remarkable that these parameter regions are consistent with the constraints
from Comment: 19 pages, 7 figure
PDF and scale uncertainties of various DY distributions in ADD and RS models at hadron colliders
In the extra dimension models of ADD and RS we study the dependence of the
various parton distribution functions on observable of Drell-Yan process to NLO
in QCD at LHC and Tevatron energies. Uncertainties at LHC due to factorisation
scales in going from leading to next-to-leading order in QCD for the various
distributions get reduced by about 2.75 times for a range . Further uncertainties arising from the error on experimental
data are estimated using the MRST parton distribution functions.Comment: 27 pages, 11 figures, the version to appear in European Physical
Journal
‘Smart Cities’ – Dynamic Sustainability Issues and Challenges for ‘Old World’ Economies: A Case from the United Kingdom
The rapid and dynamic rate of urbanization, particularly in emerging world economies, has resulted in a need to find sustainable ways of dealing with the excessive strains and pressures that come to bear on existing infrastructures and relationships. Increasingly during the twenty-first century policy makers have turned to technological solutions to deal with this challenge and the dynamics inherent within it. This move towards the utilization of technology to underpin infrastructure has led to the emergence of the term ‘Smart City’. Smart cities incorporate technology based solutions in their planning development and operation. This paper explores the organizational issues and challenges facing a post-industrial agglomeration in the North West of England as it attempted to become a ‘Smart City’. In particular the paper identifies and discusses the factors that posed significant challenges for the dynamic relationships residents, policymakers and public and private sector organizations and as a result aims to use these micro-level issues to inform the macro-debate and context of wider Smart City discussions. In order to achieve this, the paper develops a range of recommendations that are designed to inform Smart City design, planning and implementation strategies
Magnetohydrodynamic stability of broad line region clouds
Hydrodynamic stability has been a longstanding issue for the cloud model of
the broad line region in active galactic nuclei. We argue that the clouds may
be gravitationally bound to the supermassive black hole. If true, stabilisation
by thermal pressure alone becomes even more difficult. We further argue that if
magnetic fields should be present in such clouds at a level that could affect
the stability properties, they need to be strong enough to compete with the
radiation pressure on the cloud. This would imply magnetic field values of a
few Gauss for a sample of Active Galactic Nuclei we draw from the literature.
We then investigate the effect of several magnetic configurations on cloud
stability in axi-symmetric magnetohydrodynamic simulations. For a purely
azimuthal magnetic field which provides the dominant pressure support, the
cloud first gets compressed by the opposing radiative and gravitational forces.
The pressure inside the cloud then increases, and it expands vertically.
Kelvin-Helmholtz and column density instability lead to a filamentary
fragmentation of the cloud. This radiative dispersion continues until the cloud
is shredded down to the resolution level. For a helical magnetic field
configuration, a much more stable cloud core survives with a stationary density
histogram which takes the form of a power law. Our simulated clouds develop
sub-Alfvenic internal motions on the level of a few hundred km/s.Comment: 16 pages, 11 figures, accepted by MNRAS, Figure 6 updated due to
inconsistent linestyles, corrected mistake in Alfven speed formula, some very
minor language corrections. The definitive version is available at
www.blackwell- synergy.co
- …